| William Vincent Wallace |
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Operas
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The Amber Witch is an opera four acts composed by William Vincent Wallace to an English libretto by Henry Fothergill Chorley, after Lady Duff-Gordon's translation of Meinold's Maria Schweidler: Die Bernsteinhexe.
It premiered at Her Majesty's Theatre, London on 28 February 1861 conducted by Charles Hallé with Helen Lemmens-Sherrington in the title role.[1][2]
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The libretto was based on a Gothic novel by Johann Wilhelm Meinhold, Maria Schweidler die Bernsteinhexe, which had been translated into English by Lady Duff-Gordon and published in 1844 as The Amber Witch. The work was very popular in Victorian England and had gone through several editions by the time Wallace chose it as the subject for his fourth and most ambitious opera.[3] The novel, unlike the opera is on which it was based, retained its popularity and continued to be published both on its own and in anthologies into the 21st century. It was a favourite of Oscar Wilde's when he was a boy,[4] and in 1895 it was published in a luxury edition illustrated by Philip Burne-Jones.[5]
Wallace had sketched out most of the opera in 1860, and it premiered at Her Majesty's Theatre on 28 February 1861 with Charles Hallé conducting.[1] The Times reported that the first night's performance was a success and that "the music is almost as complicated as it is beautiful".[6] Wallace considered it his best opera,[7] and Queen Victoria attended one of the early performances, but it met with only mixed success with audiences. After its run at Her Majesty's Theatre, it transferred to the Theatre Royal Drury Lane with most of the original cast, including Charles Santley. (Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa replaced Helen Lemmens-Sherrington in the title role.)[8] Santley recalled in his memoirs that although The Amber Witch contained some fine music, it played to nearly empty houses at Drury Lane.[9]
In 1866 at a concert to raise funds for Wallace's widow and children, two members of the original cast, Helen Lemmens-Sherrington and John Patey, sang three pieces from the Amber Witch – "Hark! How the chimes", "When the elves at dawn do pass" and "My Long Hair Is Braided".[10] The opera was revived in London in the 1880s and again in 1899 by the Moody-Manners touring company.[11] Like most of Wallace's operas, it then sank into obscurity, although Mary's aria was a popular concert piece for a time and selections from the opera (arranged for organ) were played at New York's Chickering Hall in December 1886.[12]
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast, 28 February 1861 (Conductor: Charles Hallé) |
|---|---|---|
| Mary | soprano | Helen Lemmens-Sherrington |
| Elsie | Fanny Huddart | |
| Count Rudiger of Ravenstein | tenor | Sims Reeves |
| Commandant | baritone | Charles Santley |
| Pastor | John Patey | |
| Claus | William Terrott | |
| King | Thomas Bartleman |
The opera is set in 17th century Germany during The Thirty Years War and tells the story of Mary, the "Amber Witch" of the title, and the daughter of the local pastor. She has discovered a vein of amber in the mountains outside her village. She uses it to buy food and clothes for the starving villagers, but tells no one of the source of her apparent wealth.
Count Rudiger of Ravenstein falls in love with her and woos her disguised as a peasant. However, the local Commandant is also in love with her. When Mary spurns his affections for Rudiger, he contrives with the aid of his jealous servant Elsie to have Mary accused of witchcraft and imprisoned. After many vicissitudes, Count Rudiger rescues Mary as she is about to be burnt at the stake, Elsie dies after taking poison, and the Commandant is banished.
The aria, "My Long Hair Is Braided", can be heard on the 1999 recording Power of Love: British Opera Arias (Deborah Riedel, The Australian Opera and Ballet Orchestra, Richard Bonynge, conductor)[14]